What is the ISAN?
The ISAN (International Standard Audiovisual Number) is a voluntary numbering system for the identification of audiovisual works. It provides a unique, internationally recognized and permanent reference number for each audiovisual work registered in the ISAN system.
An ISAN consists of 16 hexadecimal digits divided into two segments: a 12-digit root segment followed by a 4-digit segment for the identification of episodes or parts when applicable.
A check digit is also appended to the ISAN whenever an ISAN is presented in human-readable form. The purpose of the check digit is to verify the accurate transcription of the preceding string of 16 digits in each ISAN.
The ISAN is not a "content descriptor". It is a "dumb" number, meaning that it does not include any codes or other signifying elements. Its purpose is to identify the work with a unique number, not to provide any type of descriptive information about the work.
The ISAN identifies works, not publications (unlike the ISBN for books) or broadcasts. The ISAN remains the same for an audiovisual work regardless of the various formats in which the work is distributed (e.g. DVD, videorecording) or the uses to which it is put.
What is the ISAN used for?
An ISAN uniquely distinguishes one audiovisual work from all other audiovisual works. Other methods of identifying audiovisual works, such as by title, can result in confusion about the specific work being referenced. For example, one title can be very similar to another. Titles also change when a work is distributed beyond its country (or countries) of origin and the title is translated into other languages.
Because each ISAN is a unique number that is permanently assigned to an audiovisual work, it can identify that work across national boundaries and language barriers.
As a unique identifier, the ISAN is useful in a wide range of computerized applications, particularly those which involve databases or the exchange of information about audiovisual works. Some of its possible applications are:
by collecting societies to assist in the allocation of royalties;
to track the use of audiovisual works; and,
for anti-piracy purposes such as verifying title registrations.
When and where can I get an ISAN?
The ISAN standard was approved and published in November 2002. The ISAN International Agency that will administer the system has been established in Geneva, Switzerland. Work is now underway on developing the software to manage the global ISAN system and on establishing a network of registration agencies to assign the ISAN to applicants. As soon as the first registration agencies are established later in 2003, the ISAN will be ready for implementation by interested parties within the audiovisual community.
In the meantime, please bookmark this page for updates on the establishment of the ISAN system.
What is an "audiovisual work"?
For the purposes of the ISAN, the term "audiovisual work" is not a legal concept but a practical one that covers any fixation of moving images.
The ISAN standard defines "audiovisual work" as follows:
audiovisual work: work consisting of a sequence of related images, with or without accompanying sound, which is intended to be made visible as a moving image through the use of devices, regardless of the medium of initial or subsequent fixation.
Examples of the types of audiovisual works to which ISAN may be assigned are:
motion pictures (e.g. feature films) and short films;
trailers (i.e. previews);
productions for television or other means of delivery, including individual episodes of television series;
industrial, educational and training films;
commercials;
broadcasts and recordings of live events (such as sports events and newscasts);
composite and multimedia works if they contain a significant audiovisual component.
ISAN will not be issued for any non-audiovisual elements associated with an audiovisual work. For example, an ISAN would be given to a feature film but not to its soundtrack, screenplay, or to any single images or still photographs from the film.
A related identifer (called V-ISAN at present) is being developed for versions of audiovisual works and related content.
How will versions of an audiovisual work be identified?
A supplementary identification scheme (the "V-ISAN") is being developed to identify versions of an audiovisual work and related content. The ISAN project is working in cooperation with the Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers to develop this supplementary system, which will use the ISAN as its root element.
Where is the ISAN be attached?
The ISAN is the unique reference number for an audiovisual work and as should be included as a data element in any systems used to manage and process information about audiovisual works. Collecting societies, for example, will use the ISAN when they exchange and process information about the use of audiovisual works.
For audiovisual works in digital form (e.g. DVD), the ISAN should be embedded into the appropriate master copies of the work and transferred to any subsequent copies made from those masters. The MPEG 2 and MPEG 4 standards (for the coded representation of audiovisual and multimedia objects) provide a space for the ISAN identifier in the MPEG format.
For audiovisual works in analogue form (e.g. celluloid film), the ISAN should be securely affixed to the master and any other archival copies. For new works, that could involve printing the ISAN on the master negative. For works already in existence, that would involve securely linking the work and its ISAN in some form of permanent record, archive or inventory. It could also involve physically recording the ISAN on the container of the master version, whenever possible.
The ISAN should also be included in the documentation and packaging for an audiovisual work.
The AGICOA database is working on a project to retrospectively number the works recorded in its databases with ISAN, so that a critical mass of registered works will be in place for the official launch of the ISAN system.
How does the ISAN affect copyright registration?
It doesn't - because the ISAN is not related in any way to copyright, in either the European or North American sense of that term.
The ISAN is an identification number without any legal implication or meaning. It has no value as prima facie evidence regarding the copyright status or ownership of a work.
The scope of the ISAN standard clearly states:
"The issuance of an ISAN shall in no way be related to any process of copyright registration, nor shall the issuance of an ISAN provide evidence of the ownership of rights in a work."
Even though the ISAN may be a used by collecting societies as a tool to precisely distinguish each audiovisual work in their databases, the ISAN itself does not identify rights owners.
Is an ISAN required for audiovisual works?
No. The ISAN is a voluntary numbering system. There is no requirement to adopt or implement ISAN for audiovisual works. Members of the audiovisual community will implement ISAN by choice, not obligation.
The ISAN is an industry-driven numbering system. It is a tool to facilitate business, by the industry and for the industry. The efficiency and precision that the ISAN provides for identifying audiovisual works makes the ISAN a logical business decision -- but it isn't a mandatory one.
Who assigns the ISAN?
The ISAN system is administered by the ISAN International Agency (ISAN-IA) that coordinates the overall system and maintains a central record of all ISAN registrations. The ISAN International Agency appoints, and oversees the work of, individual ISAN registration agencies that are established to serve specific countries, regions or market sectors. These registration agencies receive and process applications for ISAN and assign the actual numbers to specific works.
All of the ISAN agencies operate as non-profit organizations. The registration agencies have not yet been established but the first ISAN agencies should be place later in 2003.
Who can apply for an ISAN?
The entity or person to whom an ISAN is given should have the capacity to permanently attach or link that ISAN to the specific audiovisual work that it identifies.
All potential applicants for ISAN must apply first to an ISAN registration agency in order to be recognized as a registrant within the ISAN system. The purpose of this pre-registation process is to minimize the opportunity for "pirates" to obtain legitimate ISAN for stolen intellectual property and fraudulent purposes. This pre-registration process only applies to first-time ISAN applicants; it is not repeated for any subsequent ISAN applications from the same registrant.
New applicants for registrant status will be asked to submit some form of proof of their involvement in the audiovisual industry (e.g. membership in or sponsorship by a recognized trade association, declaration of activity in the audiovisual industry, funding by a public agency, etc.).
An appeal process will also be available for any applicants rejected by an ISAN registration agency.
What does an ISAN cost?
In order to provide some independent means of support for the ISAN agencies, a small fee may be charged for each ISAN registration. Any such registration fees would be established on the basis of cost-recovery.
Additional fees may be charged for other services provided by the ISAN agencies, such as customized products from its database of identification information.
Who developed the ISAN?
The ISAN was developed as an International Standard under the auspices of "ISO/TC 46/SC 9":
ISO is the International Organization for Standardization, based in Geneva.
TC 46 is ISO's Technical Committee (TC) for information and documentation standards.
SC 9 is the TC 46 Subcommittee (SC) that develops and maintains ISO standards on the identification and description of information objects.
In May 1997, ISO/TC 46 Subcommittee 9 established a Working Group (WG 1) to develop the ISAN project. The project was under the joint administration of:
AGICOA: Association de Gestion Internationale Collective des Oeuvres Audiovisuelles (International Association for the Collective Management of Audiovisual Works);
FIAPF: F??ation Internationale des Associations de Producteurs de Films (International Federation of Film Producers' Associations)
CISAC: Confédération Internationale des Sociétés d'Auteurs et de Compositeurs (International Confederation of Authors' and Composers' Societies)
Participants from several countries and international associations were members of the ISAN Working Group and active contributors to the development of the ISAN project.
For further information
For further information about the ISAN system, please contact:
Mr. Pierre-Henri Guisan
Managing Director
ISAN International Agency
26, rue de Saint Jean
CH-1203 Geneva
Switzerland
E-mail: pierre-henri.guisan@isan.org
Fax: 41 22 340 34 32
***** 아름다운프로님에 의해서 게시물 복사 + 카테고리변경되었습니다 (2003-12-18 17:01)
